Monday, August 30, 2021

Nicholas Orme on the day and the week in medieval English churches

 Rubrics were so called because they were in red. 

The Office readings included history and doctrine and less Bible (p208)

The canon or prayer of consecration was sometimes said quietly as a mark of its holiness or even in silence on the grounds that it was personal to the priest and this avoided disrespect from his listeners (p215)

Only the priest normally took communion even if other priests were present, except on Easter day when all were required to communicate. 

Some important people may have wanted to participate in processions with the clergy to mark their status but lesser people were involved only as punishments. 

Priests were warned to say the services in church. It was a major sin to say them in a chamber or garden. 

Priests could normally only celebrate one mass a day. Exceptions were allowed at Christmas and Easter. 

"A parish clergyman was, to a significant extent, a chantry priest: almost as much as those who were so called. His general responsibilities complemented, not replaced, the practice of praying for the departed." (p224)

Augustine claimed that being present at mass meant one would have the food one needed for the day, freedom from loss of eyesight, protection from sudden death and delay of onset of old age. Angels would count your steps to and from mass. 

Mass did not require any congregation nor any congregational participation, except someone (a clerk) to say responses and assist. 

Hugh Latimer's words to be used at aspersions (a reminder of baptism and Christ's blood) p236. Similarly on giving out of bread / "cake" after the service see p246

Bishops could require notices of excommunication etc. Those who poached in the bishop's deer park were censured across the diocese. 

Thomas Becon satirised the excitement at the elevation of the host imaging people shouting out for the priest to hold it up higher / people in front to bend down so that he could see his maker (p244) 

Some clergy were reported for not preaching for a whole year, or for three or four years. "clerical preaching was not common, even in the mid sixteenth century" (p249)

One clergyman complained that if a Bishop came people flocked to hear him preach and did not mind if he admonished their sins, but they would not accept it from their priest 

Men would sometimes go off in a corner during the sermon to talk with women or play with their purses, keys or knives. 

One parishioner was called before a church court for calling out, "Leave off thy preaching for it is not worth a fart." 

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